Massacres

Siege of Jerusalem and destruction of the Second Temple

April 70 CE – September 70 CE

Jerusalem

1,100,000 18% – 92% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 70 CE)

Suppression of the Diaspora revolt (Kitos War)

115 CE – 117 CE

Egypt

Suppression of the Bar Kokhba revolt

132 CE – 135 CE

Judaea

580,000 15% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 100 CE)

Massacre and expulsion of Jews from Jerusalem under Heraclius

629 CE – 630 CE

Jerusalem and Galilee

Fez massacre of 1033

c. 1033

Fez

6,000 0.5% – 0.6% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1000)

Granada massacre of 1066

30 December 1066

Granada

1,500 – 4,000 0.13% – 0.4% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1000)

Rhineland massacres of 1096

May 1096 – July 1096

Rhineland (Speyer

4,000 – 5,000 0.33% – 0.5% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1000)

Crusader massacre of Jews in Jerusalem

15 July 1099

Jerusalem

Blois blood libel

26 May 1171

Blois

31 – 33 0.0021% – 0.0033% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1170)

Massacres of the Jews in England under Richard I

3 September 1189 – 18 March 1190

Kingdom of England

Massacre of the Jews at Norwich

6 February 1190

Norwich

Massacre at Clifford's Tower

16 March 1190 – 17 March 1190

Clifford's Tower

150 0.01% – 0.015% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1170)

Massacre of the Jews at Bury St Edmunds

18 March 1190

Bury St Edmunds

57 0.0038% – 0.0057% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1170)

Burning of the Jews of Troyes

24 April 1288

Troyes

13 0.00087% – 0.0013% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1170)

Bern blood libel

1293 – 1294

Bern

Rintfleisch massacres

April 1298 – October 1298

Franconia and neighbouring lands

4,000 – 5,000 0.33% – 0.5% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1300)

Pastoureaux massacres

1320

Southern France (Languedoc and the Garonne)

Navarre massacres of 1328

5 March 1328 – 1328

Estella

6,000 0.5% – 0.6% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1300)

Armleder persecutions

1336 – 1339

Alsace and Franconia

Pulkau host-desecration massacres

12 April 1338 – 23 April 1338

Pulkau, Lower Austria

Black Death massacres

1348 – 1349

German lands of the Holy Roman Empire and Alsace

Massacre of the Jews of Erfurt

1349

Erfurt

900 – 3,000 0.075% – 0.3% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1300)

Basel Black Death massacre

9 January 1349

Basel

100 – 600 0.0083% – 0.06% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1300)

Burning of the Jews of Strasbourg

14 February 1349

Strasbourg

2,000 0.17% – 0.2% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1300)

Zurich Black Death massacre

22 February 1349 – 23 February 1349

Zurich

Massacre of the Jews of Mainz, 1349

22 August 1349

Mainz

6,000 0.5% – 0.6% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1300)

Brussels Black Death massacre

December 1349

Brussels and Brabant

Brussels host-desecration executions

22 May 1370

Brussels and Leuven

6 – 500 0.0005% – 0.05% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1300)

Prague Easter massacre

18 April 1389

Prague ghetto

400 – 3,000 0.033% – 0.3% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1300)

Massacre of the Jews of Seville

6 June 1391

Seville

4,000 0.33% – 0.4% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1300)

Massacres of 1391

6 June 1391 – 13 August 1391

Crown of Castile, Crown of Aragon and Majorca

Massacre of the Jews of Valencia

9 July 1391

Valencia

200 – 250 0.017% – 0.025% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1300)

Massacre of the Jews of Barcelona

5 August 1391 – 10 August 1391

Barcelona

250 – 400 0.021% – 0.04% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1300)

Vienna Gesera

23 May 1420 – 12 March 1421

Vienna and Lower Austria

200 – 210 0.017% – 0.021% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1300)

Fez massacre of 1465

1465

Fez

Trent blood libel

23 March 1475 – 16 January 1476

Trento (Trent)

8 – 14 0.0008% – 0.0014% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1450)

Lisbon massacre

19 April 1506 – 21 April 1506

Lisbon

2,000 – 4,000 0.15% – 0.5% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1490)

Berlin host-desecration trial and expulsion from Brandenburg

10 July 1510

Mark Brandenburg (executions in Berlin)

38 – 39 0.0029% – 0.0049% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1490)

Execution of Portuguese conversos at Ancona

1556

Ancona

24 – 25 0.0018% – 0.0031% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1490)

Defeat of the Beta Israel under Susenyos

1626 – 1632

Dembea and Semien

Lima auto-da-fé of 1639

23 January 1639

Lima

10 – 11 0.00077% – 0.0014% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1490)

Khmelnytsky massacres (Gzeyres Takh Vetat)

1648 – 1649

Ukrainian lands of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

18,000 – 20,000 1.8% – 2% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1650)

Mexico City auto-da-fé of 1649

11 April 1649

Mexico City

1 0.0001% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1650)

Uman massacre

18 June 1768

Uman

3,000 – 20,000 0.27% – 2% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1700)

Yazid persecutions of Moroccan Jews

1790 – 1792

Tetuan

Jewish massacres in the Greek War of Independence

1821

Peloponnese and Attica (Ottoman Morea)

1,200 – 5,000 0.048% – 0.2% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1800)

Allahdad of Mashhad

27 March 1839

Mashhad

32 – 36 0.00098% – 0.0011% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1825)

Lynching of Leo Frank

17 August 1915

Marietta, Georgia

1 0.0000072% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1917)

Pogroms in Ukraine, 1918–1921

1918 – 1921

Ukraine, mainly west of the Dnieper

50,000 – 60,000 0.36% – 0.43% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1917)

1929 riots

23 August 1929 – 29 August 1929

Jerusalem, Hebron, Safed and Jewish settlements

133 – 183 0.00087% – 0.0012% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1927)

Tiberias massacre

2 October 1938

Tiberias

19 – 21 0.00011% – 0.00013% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Auschwitz-Birkenau

1940 – 1945

Oświęcim (Auschwitz), German-occupied Poland

1,000,000 6% – 6.1% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Dorohoi pogrom

1 July 1940

Dorohoi, Romania

53 – 200 0.00032% – 0.0012% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Bucharest pogrom

21 January 1941 – 23 January 1941

Bucharest, Romania

100 – 125 0.0006% – 0.00076% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Kaunas pogroms

23 June 1941 – 7 July 1941

Kaunas (Kovno)

1,000 – 5,850 0.006% – 0.035% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Iași pogrom

28 June 1941 – 30 June 1941

Iași, Romania

4,000 – 14,850 0.024% – 0.09% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Minsk ghetto

July 1941 – 1943

Minsk

80,000 – 100,000 0.48% – 0.61% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Murder of the Jews of Estonia

July 1941 – December 1941

Estonia

963 – 1,000 0.0058% – 0.0061% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Ponary massacre

July 1941 – July 1944

Ponary (Paneriai), near Vilnius (Vilna)

70,000 – 75,000 0.42% – 0.45% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Berdychiv massacre

7 July 1941 – 3 November 1941

Berdychiv

12,000 – 30,000 0.072% – 0.18% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Zhytomyr massacre

9 July 1941 – October 1941

Zhytomyr

6,000 – 9,263 0.036% – 0.056% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Jedwabne massacre

10 July 1941

Jedwabne

340 – 1,500 0.002% – 0.0091% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Jasenovac camp complex

August 1941 – April 1945

Jasenovac, Independent State of Croatia

12,000 – 25,000 0.072% – 0.15% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Destruction of the Jews of Pinsk

6 August 1941 – 23 December 1942

Pinsk

14,500 – 21,000 0.087% – 0.13% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Kamianets-Podilskyi massacre

26 August 1941 – 29 August 1941

Kamianets-Podilskyi

23,600 0.14% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Babi Yar massacre

29 September 1941 – 30 September 1941

Babi Yar ravine, Kyiv

33,771 0.2% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Stanislaviv Bloody Sunday massacre

12 October 1941

Jewish cemetery, Stanisławów (Ivano-Frankivsk)

8,000 – 12,000 0.048% – 0.073% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Odessa massacre

22 October 1941 – 26 October 1941

Odessa (Odesa) and Dalnyk

19,000 – 30,000 0.11% – 0.18% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Ninth Fort massacre

28 October 1941 – 29 October 1941

Ninth Fort, Kaunas (Kovno)

9,200 0.055% – 0.056% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Rivne Sosenki Forest massacre

7 November 1941 – 9 November 1941

Sosenki Forest, near Rivne

17,500 – 21,000 0.11% – 0.13% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Rumbula massacre

30 November 1941 – 9 December 1941

Rumbula Forest, near Riga

25,000 0.15% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Drobitsky Yar massacre

26 December 1941 – 8 January 1942

Drobitsky Yar, near Kharkiv

15,000 0.09% – 0.091% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Novi Sad raid

21 January 1942 – 23 January 1942

Novi Sad (Újvidék) and the Bačka region

600 – 2,500 0.0036% – 0.015% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Sajmište (Semlin) camp killings

March 1942 – May 1942

Sajmište (Semlin) camp, Belgrade

6,280 – 8,000 0.038% – 0.048% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Treblinka killing center

July 1942 – November 1943

Treblinka, German-occupied Poland

750,000 – 925,000 4.5% – 5.6% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Zmievskaya Balka massacre

11 August 1942 – 14 August 1942

Zmievskaya Balka (Zmievka Ravine), Rostov-on-Don

2,000 – 18,000 0.012% – 0.11% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1939)

Deportation of Jews from Bulgarian-occupied Thrace and Macedonia

4 March 1943 – 29 March 1943

Bulgarian-occupied Thrace, Macedonia and Pirot

11,343 – 11,370 0.1% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1945)

Deportation of the Jews of Salonika

15 March 1943 – August 1943

Thessaloniki (Salonika), German-occupied Greece

40,000 – 54,000 0.36% – 0.49% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1945)

Deportation of the Jews of Ioannina

25 March 1944

Ioannina, German-occupied Greece

1,860 – 2,000 0.017% – 0.018% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1945)

Deportation of Hungarian Jews

15 May 1944 – 9 July 1944

Hungary (provinces of Greater Hungary)

330,000 3% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1945)

Deportation of the Jews of Corfu

10 June 1944

Corfu, German-occupied Greece

1,800 – 2,000 0.016% – 0.018% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1945)

Deportation of the Jews of Rhodes

20 July 1944

Rhodes, German-occupied Dodecanese

1,641 – 2,200 0.015% – 0.02% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1945)

Klooga massacre

19 September 1944

Klooga

2,500 0.023% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1945)

Arrow Cross killings in Budapest

15 October 1944 – 13 February 1945

Budapest, Hungary

20,000 0.18% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1945)

Kielce pogrom

4 July 1946

Kielce, Poland

42 0.00038% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1945)

Hadassah medical convoy massacre

13 April 1948

Sheikh Jarrah, Jerusalem

76 – 78 0.00066% – 0.00068% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1948)

Kfar Etzion massacre

13 May 1948

Kfar Etzion

100 – 127 0.00087% – 0.0011% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1948)

Night of the Murdered Poets

12 August 1952

Lubyanka Prison, Moscow

13 0.00012% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1950)

Lod Airport massacre

30 May 1972

Lod Airport (now Ben Gurion Airport)

26 0.0002% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1970)

Munich Olympics massacre

5 September 1972 – 6 September 1972

31 Connollystrasse, Olympic Village, Munich

11 0.000086% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1970)

Kiryat Shmona massacre

11 April 1974

Kiryat Shmona

18 0.00014% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1970)

Ma'alot school massacre

15 May 1974

Netiv Meir school, Ma'alot

21 – 25 0.00016% – 0.0002% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1970)

Coastal Road massacre

11 March 1978

Coastal Road, from Ma'agan Michael to Glilot junction

35 – 38 0.00027% – 0.00029% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1980)

Neve Shalom synagogue massacre

6 September 1986

Neve Shalom Synagogue, Istanbul

21 – 22 0.00016% – 0.00017% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1980)

AMIA bombing

18 July 1994

AMIA building, Buenos Aires

85 0.00065% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 1990)

Passover massacre

27 March 2002

Park Hotel, Netanya

28 – 29 0.00021% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 2000)

Mercaz HaRav massacre

6 March 2008

Mercaz HaRav yeshiva, Kiryat Moshe, Jerusalem

8 0.000056% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 2010)

Nariman House attack

26 November 2008 – 29 November 2008

Nariman House (Chabad House), Colaba, Mumbai

6 0.000042% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 2010)

Toulouse Jewish school attack

19 March 2012

Ozar Hatorah school, Toulouse

4 0.000028% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 2010)

Overland Park JCC shootings

13 April 2014

Jewish Community Center of Greater Kansas City and Village Shalom, Overland Park

3 0.000021% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 2010)

Tree of Life synagogue shooting

27 October 2018

Tree of Life synagogue, Pittsburgh

11 0.000072% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 2020)

October 7 massacre

7 October 2023

Southern Israel (Gaza-envelope communities, military bases and the Nova festival)

1,200 – 1,400 0.0076% – 0.0089% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 2023)

Bondi Beach Hanukkah attack

14 December 2025

Archer Park, Bondi Beach, Sydney

15 0.000095% of the worldwide Jewish population (c. 2024)